Type 1 diabetes | IDDM


If the bodies insulin production is stopped or insufficient production is called as type-1 diabetes caused by autoimmune disorder and it need to be treated with insulin shots. Type-1 diabetes is otherwise called as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus shortly IDDM previously called as juvenile diabetes. It is also spelled as type-i diabetes and diabetes 1.

What is Type-1 diabetes (juvenile diabetes)?

type 1 diabetes | juvenile diabetes
Type-1 diabetes is characterized by a lack of or no insulin production. It was formerly called as "juvenile diabetes" because it represents a majority of the cases in children, teenagers, or young adults, but it can also affect adults.
Type 1 diabetes develops because the body immune system mistakenly destroys the beta cells in the islet tissue of the pancreas  that produce insulin. The rate at which the beta cells are destroyed varies from one to another. Mostly Infants and children develop type 1 suddenly because the beta cells are destroyed suddenly. But in the case of adults the beta cells are destroyed gradually and thus type 1 develops slowly.
Type-1 diabetes are mostly caused by autoimmune disorder. Other less common (very rare) causes of Type-1 Diabetes include injury to the pancreas from toxins, trauma, or after the surgical removal of the majority (or all) of the pancreas.
Type-1 diabetes needs insulin shots to maintain blood glucose level, because of no insulin production by pancreas. Insulin cannot be taken through mouth, because insulin is a hormone (protein) that is broken down by the digestive system.
Sometimes after an initial treatment, some people have a period from few weeks to few months, when the pancreas is again start producing insulin. This period of time is often mentioned as "honeymoon period." During this time, a person may need to take less or no insulin, depending on how much insulin he/she produces. After this honeymoon period, the person needs to take insulin for the rest of his/her life.
Video on type 1 diabetes

Autoimmune disorder
Our body immune system mistakenly attacks pancreas and damages islet of langerhans (region were insulin is secreted) and thus no or very low insulin secretion leads to high level of glucose in blood.
Some viruses (mumps, rubella, cytomegalovirus, measles, influenza, encephalitis, polio or Epstein-Barr virus) and the cells in the islets of Langerhans (region were insulin is secreted) in pancreas are of similar structure. Thus if any one infected by the above said viruses, then their bodies immune system mistakenly attack islet of Langerhans considering it as virus and damaged it permanently thus insulin production is stopped leads to type-1 diabetes. It is mostly diagnosed after diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) episode.

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